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26 Dichloro-4 Nitrophenol (TCNM) Removal From Wastewater

  • Tuesday, 28 January 2025
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26 Dichloro-4 Nitrophenol (TCNM) Removal From Wastewater

26 dichloro-4 nitrophenol is an important raw material for the production of dyes, plastics, and explosives.26 dichloro-4 nitrophenol It also has potential for use as a biocide, fungicide, and herbicide. However, it has high toxicity and biodegradability, making it a pollutant of concern in wastewater treatment. Hence, it is important to develop efficacious methods for its removal from water.

The chemical is highly toxic if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin.26 dichloro-4 nitrophenol It can cause serious damage to eyes, and may result in loss of vision. It can also cause skin irritation, dermatitis, and allergic reactions in some people. It is considered harmful to the environment, with high levels of concentration in rivers and lakes, soil, and groundwater.

It is a nitro-substituted phenol with high toxicity and poor biodegradability, making it a priority pollutant in wastewater.26 dichloro-4 nitrophenol It is found in industrial effluent from dyes and pesticides, and has endocrine disrupting effects on aquatic organisms. It is also a human carcinogen, with a maximum allowable concentration of 20 ppb in the U.S. EPA’s List of Priority Pollutants [48].

Currently, the major method for preparing 26 dichloro-4 nitrophenol is its chlorination synthesis using 2,5-dichlorophenol, which is an expensive raw material and has limited availability.26 dichloro-4 nitrophenol This reaction requires complex reaction conditions and a large quantity of byproducts, which are difficult to separate. The other way of producing this compound is the nitration of 2,4-dichlorophenol, requiring a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. This is a complicated and time-consuming process, and it produces many unwanted isomers such as 2,3,6-trichloro-4-nitrophenol and 2-chloro-4,6-dinitrophenol.

This research focuses on the transformation kinetics and identification of chlorinated intermediates of 4-nitrophenol during HOCl and UV/HOCl disinfection processes. The results will be used to assess the formation potential of TCNM in wastewater and propose potential transformation pathways of 4-nitrophenol.

HOCl was added to a 50 mL aqueous solution of 10 mM 4-nitrophenol at various concentrations for the chlorination experiment. The reaction was kept at room temperature in the dark and analyzed for a period of 5 min, as shown in Figure 1a. No degradation of 4-nitrophenol was observed under the dark condition, possibly because of its strong electron-withdrawing Cl substituent, thereby making it less oxidable as compared to the parent compound.

Upon UV254 irradiation, the photolytic elimination of 4-nitrophenol was observed to occur within 5 min. Interestingly, the removal efficiency of this substance was significantly enhanced when the addition of TBA to the system was made. This is because TBA acts as a radical quencher for HO* and HO-, thus enhancing the elimination of target compounds by UV254 irradiation. This indicates that other reactive species in the wastewater play an important role in removing 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solutions. Moreover, the results of this study suggest that the formation of TCNM in the wastewater is likely to be a consequence of the ultraviolet-induced ring opening and oxidation reaction of these chlorinated intermediates. This would be an interesting subject to further investigate.

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