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The Hazards of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene
The Hazards of 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene
The chemical 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is a volatile organic compound that is toxic to the environment and humans.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene The compound has a wide variety of side effects upon exposure, including skin irritation, eye irritation, respiratory issues, allergic reactions, liver and kidney damage, and cancer.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene It is also highly flammable, and can produce toxic fumes when it comes into contact with air.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene It is classified as a dangerous good by the International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations.
The human toxicity of DNCB is primarily due to its ability to act as a hapten, which are small molecules that can bind covalently with proteins and elicit an immune response.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene Upon contact with the skin, DNCB binds to proteins present on antigen-presenting cells, such as Langerhans cells found in the skin, creating a hapten-protein complex.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene Once this complex is recognized by the immune system, it triggers a delayed-type hypersensitivity response.
Acute exposure to DNCB causes a variety of symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and eye irritation.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene It can also cause a variety of skin problems, such as contact dermatitis, itchiness, and blistering.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene Occupational exposure to DNCB can also cause respiratory problems, such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
Chronic exposure to DNCB has been shown to cause nerve damage, such as optic neuritis and peripheral neuropathies.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene The latter symptoms can include numbness and burning sensations in the arms and legs.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene Optical neuritis can lead to blurring of vision, central scotoma, especially for green, and constriction of the visual fields. In rare cases, optic neuropathy can result in blindness.
CAMEO Chemicals provides free access to all chemical data, excluding proprietary information.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene This enables the safe handling of chemicals by researchers and other professionals responsible for chemical risk assessment.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene However, it is important to note that the chemical data is provided for general use only and should not be used as a substitute for professional judgment or expertise.
The CAMEO Chemicals Database is an excellent resource for all chemical and physical properties of materials, but it should be remembered that the databases are not comprehensive lists of all material safety data.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene Users should be aware that some of the individual supplier data may have copyright restrictions imposed by the provider.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene Those wishing to reuse the data should be aware of any copyright restrictions that apply, and should contact the supplier for more information.
A soluble form of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is reported to biodegrade slowly in water.2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene It reached 0 percent of theoretical BOD in an aqueous screening biodegradation test with an activated sludge inoculum and a 2-week incubation period(1).2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene Structurally similar compounds have also been shown to biodegrade slowly in the environment(2). Nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to montmorillonite clay surfaces, and mobility in soil is expected to be low(SRC). A Koc value of 501 was measured for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in river sediment. It is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment, as well as to the surface of mud or clay particles(SRC). It is also unlikely to undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions, and is not known to form dimers with other nitrobenzenes under these same conditions(3).
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